El telescopio espacial James Webb ha realizado un avance significativo en la observación del universo al detectar un grupo de cinco galaxias candidatas que podrían superar el récord de distancia previamente establecido.

La más lejana de estas galaxias se estima que existió solo 200 millones de años después del Big Bang, lo que podría convertirla en la galaxia más antigua jamás observada.

This image of the Cartwheel and its companion galaxies is a composite from Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) and Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI), which reveals details that are difficult to see in the individual images alone. This galaxy formed as the result of a high-speed collision that occurred about 400 million years ago. The Cartwheel is composed of two rings, a bright inner ring and a colorful outer ring. Both rings expand outward from the center of the collision like shockwaves. However, despite the impact, much of the character of the large, spiral galaxy that existed before the collision remains, including its rotating arms. This leads to the “spokes” that inspired the name of the Cartwheel Galaxy, which are the bright red streaks seen between the inner and outer rings. These brilliant red hues, located not only throughout the Cartwheel, but also the companion spiral galaxy at the top left, are caused by glowing, hydrocarbon-rich dust. In this near- and mid-infrared composite image, MIRI data are colored red while NIRCam data are colored blue, orange, and yellow. Amidst the red swirls of dust, there are many individual blue dots, which represent individual stars or pockets of star formation. NIRCam also defines the difference between the older star populations and dense dust in the core and the younger star populations outside of it. Webb’s observations capture the Cartwheel in a very transitory stage. The form that the Cartwheel Galaxy will eventually take, given these two competing forces, is still a mystery. However, this snapshot provides perspective on what happened to the galaxy in the past and what it will do in the future.

Gracias a su tecnología avanzada, el James Webb puede captar longitudes de onda infrarrojas, lo que le permite observar objetos distantes cuya luz ha viajado miles de millones de años.

Sin embargo, la detección de estas galaxias ha sido posible gracias a las lentes gravitacionales, un fenómeno predicho por Einstein, que utiliza la gravedad de objetos masivos para amplificar la luz de galaxias más lejanas.

Aunque el descubrimiento es prometedor, requiere confirmación a través de análisis espectroscópicos para determinar con precisión la distancia y composición química de estas galaxias.

Este hallazgo podría proporcionar información crucial sobre las primeras etapas de la evolución galáctica y el estado del universo primitivo.